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By Bojanna Shantheyanda, Sreya Dutta, Kevin Coscia and David SchiemerDynalene, Inc. Liquid cooling, which can be achieved utilizing indirect or straight ways, is made use of in electronic devices applications having thermal power densities that might exceed risk-free dissipation through air cooling. Indirect liquid cooling is where heat dissipating electronic parts are physically separated from the fluid coolant, whereas in instance of direct cooling, the components remain in straight contact with the coolant.


In indirect air conditioning applications the electrical conductivity can be crucial if there are leakages and/or spillage of the liquids onto the electronics. In the indirect cooling applications where water based liquids with corrosion inhibitors are usually made use of, the electric conductivity of the fluid coolant mainly relies on the ion concentration in the fluid stream.


The rise in the ion concentration in a shut loop liquid stream may take place due to ion leaching from steels and nonmetal components that the coolant fluid touches with. Throughout operation, the electrical conductivity of the liquid might enhance to a level which can be hazardous for the cooling system.

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(https://chemie999.edublogs.org/2025/01/09/dielectric-coolant-the-key-to-efficient-heat-transfer-in-modern-systems/)They are grain like polymers that can trading ions with ions in a remedy that it is in contact with. In the present job, ion leaching examinations were done with various metals and polymers in both ultrapure deionized (DI) water, i.e. water which is treated to the highest degree of pureness, and reduced electric conductive ethylene glycol/water blend, with the gauged modification in conductivity reported gradually.


The samples were allowed to equilibrate at space temperature for two days prior to tape-recording the initial electrical conductivity. In all examinations reported in this research study liquid electric conductivity was determined to a precision of 1% using an Oakton disadvantage 510/CON 6 series meter which was adjusted before each measurement.

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from the wall surface heating coils to the center of the heater. The PTFE sample containers were placed in the furnace when steady state temperature levels were gotten to. The examination setup was removed from the heating system every 168 hours (seven days), cooled to area temperature level with the electric conductivity of the fluid determined.


The electric conductivity of the liquid example was checked for a total amount of 5000 hours (208 days). Schematic of the indirect closed loophole cooling down experiment set-up. Components used in the indirect closed loop cooling experiment that are in contact with the liquid coolant.

Prior to commencing each experiment, the examination setup was rinsed with UP-H2O a number of times to get rid of any kind of contaminants. The system was filled with 230 ml of UP-H2O and was allowed to equilibrate at space temperature level for an hour prior to tape-recording the first electrical conductivity, which was 1.72 S/cm. Liquid electric conductivity was determined to a precision of 1%.

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The modification in liquid electrical conductivity was monitored for 136 hours. The fluid from the system was collected and kept.

Table 2. Examination matrix for both ion leaching and indirect shut loop cooling experiments. Table 2 reveals the test matrix that was utilized for both ion leaching and shut loophole indirect cooling experiments. The change in electric conductivity of the liquid examples when mixed with Dowex blended bed ion exchange material was gauged.


0.1 g of Dowex resin was contributed to 100g of liquid examples that was taken in a different container. The blend was stirred and alter in the electrical conductivity at area temperature was determined every hour. The measured adjustment in the electrical conductivity of the UP-H2O and EG-LC test fluids having polymer or steel when involved for 5,000 hours at 80C is revealed Figure 3.

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Ion seeping experiment: Calculated adjustment in electric conductivity of water and EG-LC coolants having either polymer or steel examples when submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C. The results suggest that steels contributed less ions right into the liquids than plastics in both UP-H2O and EG-LC based coolants.




Liquids having polypropylene and HDPE exhibited the most affordable electric conductivity changes. This could be as a result of the brief, stiff, direct chains which are less likely to contribute ions than longer branched chains with weak intermolecular pressures. Silicone likewise did well in both test liquids, as polysiloxanes are typically chemically inert because of the high bond power of the silicon-oxygen bond which would stop degradation of the material into the liquid.

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It would be expected that PVC would create comparable outcomes to those of PTFE and HDPE based on the comparable chemical structures of the products, however there may be various other contaminations existing in the PVC, such as plasticizers, that might affect the electric conductivity of the liquid - heat transfer fluid. Additionally, chloride teams in PVC can additionally seep right into the examination fluid and can trigger an increase in electric conductivity


Polyurethane entirely degenerated right into the test liquid by the end of 5000 hour examination. Prior to and after photos of metal and polymer examples submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C in the ion seeping experiment.


Measured adjustment in the electrical conductivity of UP-H2O coolant as a function of time with and without resin cartridge in the shut indirect air conditioning loophole experiment. The measured adjustment in electric conductivity of the UP-H2O for 136 hours with and without ion exchange resin in the loop read the article is shown in Number 5.